Identifying Macromolecules by Means of Colour Change

Identifying Macromolecules by Means of Colour Change By Marike Coetzee B Dietetics II 1. Introduction 1.1 Aim The purpose of this lab was to observe the colour changes (due to chemical reactions) indicators had on different macromolecules in food;1 such as starch, proteins and lipids; and then to identify the macromolecules found in an Unknown solution. These known solutions contained different types of macromolecules which each reacted with at least one indicator solution in a unique way, which allowed us to identify the macromolecule based upon the presence or absence of a colour change. Water was also used as a control solution, as it showed a negative reaction with the indicator solutions.2 This experiment produced results which provided a clear understanding of the colour change that occurred when each known solution reacted with each indicator solution. When the colour changes associated with the Unknown solution were compared with those of the known solutions, it is possible to deduce which macromolecules are present in the Unknown solution 1.2 General background The four types of macromolecules (organic compounds) found in all living organisms and substances are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. Foods and nutrients, which consist of plants, animals or derivatives thereof; are a combination of these macromolecules.3 It is important to determine which macromolecules are found in food as macromolecules play an important role in nutrition. The basis of this experiment is that the four types of macromolecules consist of different atoms and atom arrangements. Protein for example contains an NH group while carbohydrates contain a CHO group. This difference will cause the molecules to react differently with substances and enabling us to determine the compositions of different samples.4 ProteinCarbohydrate 1.3 Focussed background Negative and positive results for each indicator:1 *The intensity of the colours is an indication of the amount of the respective macromolecules found in the samples. Water, protein, starch, lipid, vitamin C and an unknown sample were each treated with the different indicators solutions (iodine, Sudan III and Biuret copper sulphate) to determine how that sample solution (and that type of macromolecule) would react with each specific indicator. The identity of the unknown solution can then be determined by comparing the reactions of the unknown solution with the reactions of the five known solutions. 2. Method and Materials 2.1 Materials/ Reagents Apparatus used: White paper 10ml test tubes Pipette Reagents: WaterAscorbic AcidIodine solution ProteinGlucoseSudan III LipidUnknownBiuret copper solution 2.2 Procedure: Set up three sets of seven clear, clean, 10ml test tubes and mark each set with the following: water, protein, starch, lipid, vitamin C and an unknown sample. Place 5 ml of each solution into each tube. Add one drop iodine to the first set of seven tubes, Sudan III to the second set and Biuret copper sulphate to the last set of tubes. Place a white paper behind the tubes so any colour change can be easily observed Record the colour changes in the table below. 3. Results 4. Discussion Interpretation of results To create a control group, the different indicator solutions was added to water and used as a colour standard for a negative result. Any colour variation from the control group means a positive result. The indicator solution that could best be used to show the presence of different starch molecules was Iodine as it turned from yellow to a dark/ purple black in the presence of starch. Sudan III is the best indicator of lipids, since this solution turned orange, which is different than the controls red colour, and also only reacts with lipids and none of the other macromolecules. To test for protein; a biuret copper sulphate solution was used, since protein reacted with the biuret copper sulphate to form a dark purple solution. This is considered a change since this solution (purple) is a different colour than the control solution (light blue). Vitamin C has two indicator solutions that can be used to determine its identity: iodine and biuret copper sulphate. The iodine indicator reacted with the vitamin C to produce a colourless solution, which can be contrasted with the yellow control, while the biuret and copper sulphate produced a yellow solution that differed from the light blue control. Broader implication of results The Iodine solution turned yellow to colourless in the presence of simple carbohydrates (starch and Vitamin C) but it turned dark purple/black when it was added to the Unknown solution. From the focussed background information, it can be deduced that the Unknown sample contained a complex carbohydrate. The Sudan III tested positive (changed from light red to orange) when added to a lipid but no colour change occurred when the indicator was added to the unknown. Therefore the unknown sample does not contain any lipids Although the Biuret and Copper solution reacted differently for each of the protein, lipid and vitamin C; the solution stayed light blue when added to the starch and unknown. This proves again that the Unknown is a carbohydrate. Conclution Due to the colour changes observed when the Unknown sample was treated with the different indicators, it can be deduced that the Unknown sample contained a complex carbohydrate, and none lipids or proteins. The unknown solution, labelled Unknown, reacted with the iodine indicator to form a purple black solution. The only known solution which reacted with iodine to form a black solution was starch. Although these colours don’t match up perfectly, they are the closest match. The difference in colour between the starch solution and the Unknown solution could be explained by a difference in concentration between the two solutions or by the difference in degree of complexity of the different starches. A factor that could have influence the difference in concentration is if the solutions weren’t both well shaken, since starch can settle out of solution. 5. References Yourscienceteacher.net [Internet]. Identifying macromolecules and Nutrients Lab background. Your Science teacher. [updated 2010; cited 2014-10-09]. Available from: http://www.cpet.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Identifying-Macromolecules-Lab.pdf Inky, EFA [Internet]. Identification of Macromolecules. Study Mode. [updated 2011-10-23; cited 2014-10-09]. Available from: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Identification-Of-Macromolecules-Lab-Report-810104.html nesscityschools.org [Internet]. Identifying macromolecules. Nesscity Schools [updated 2013; cited 2014-10-09]. Available from: http://www.nesscityschools.org/vimages/shared/vnews/stories/53f3996a455d1/Macromolecules%20Lab.pdf Smith JK [Internet]. Identifying macromolecules and proteins. Osborne Highschool [updated 2013; cited 2014-10-09]. Available from: http://osbornehighschool.typepad.com/files/biochemistry-lab-identifying-macromolecules2013s-with-post-lab-questions.doc

Suicide Speech Outline

Speech OutlineTopic: Suicide SpecificPurpose: To aware people about suicide and help them to find out if someone could be living this awful situation. By being aware all of us could save lives in danger. Introduction: Attention Getter: Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death in the U. S. surpassed by accidents and homicide. (According to Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention) Statement of Significance: Suicide or â€Å"self-killing† or â€Å"an act of taking one’s own life† according to Robert M. Martin. Now committing suicide is very common in nowadays anyone could be in danger of doing it, your mom, dad, brother, sister, uncle, and aunt could be going through this hard stage. I will tell you the main causes of suicide, the signs of a suicidal person, and how could you help someone on need. Preview: Today I will be talking about why people commit suicide, the sings and methods and finally how we can help someone that wants to commit suicide. Transition: Now that I covered the significance let’s see why people do itBody: I. Why do people commit suicide?A. They think it’s killing themselves is the only way of his/her problems. 1. Usually when someone takes over hi/her life they aren’t thinking straight because for example (when you were little and you went to the doctor and they wanted to give you an injection you would say no, because it would hurt. Now imagine wanting to end up with your own life) 2. Most of the times suicide is planned buy in other cases is not planned its just and instinct that people have and supposedly their way out of problems. Women attempt suicide more often than men, but men are 4 times more likely to commit suicide because men use more effective methods such as gun and hanging themselves.B. Depression1. Having some personal problems such as a breakup, a big fight with a loved one, parents getting a divorce, being an outcast in school or in other place, even an unwanted pregnancy could depress someone that much that suicide is their first thing in their heads and they end up doing it. 2. Having some personal issues is also a main cause of suicide such as being sexually abuse, homosexual preferences, and self- identity and a trauma (according to Edwin Shneidman) which includes poor health, example asthma, obesity, and multiple illness . Transition: Now you know the main causes why do people commit suicide, now let’s see the sings of a suicidal person and methods of suicide. II. Sings of a suicidal person and methodsA. Signs1. The suicidal signs are easy to identify, and if you identify them early enough you could save a person’s live that could be in danger. 2. According to the website kidshealth. org here are the signs of a suicidal person * talking about suicide or death in general * talking about â€Å"going away† * referring to things they â€Å"won’t be needing† or giving away possessions * talking about feeling hopeless or feeling guilty pulling away from friends or family and losing the desire to go out * having no desire to take part in favorite things or activities * having trouble concentrating or thinking clearly * experiencing changes in eating or sleeping habits * engaging in self-destructive behavior (for ex. drinking, drugs, or cutting)B. Methods1. Top 10 suicidal methods according to listverse. com 10. Drowning 5. Carbon Monoxide Inhalation 9. Electric shock 4. Poison 8. Bleeding to death 3. Hanging 7. Jumping 2. Drug/ Alcohol Overdose 6. Suffocation 1. Gun Shot III. How could we help/ prevent suicide? A. If it’s someone you know? 1. Don’t leave a family, friend, or stranger alone trying to commit suicide. Try to help them in any kind of way you can by giving them advices and make the realize how suicide could affect everyone around them B. What if it’s you? 1. If suicide has come across your mind, don’t just sit there get some help from a person you trust as soon as possible, or you could call the suicide line 24/7 1-800-SUICIDE or 1-800-999-9999. Remember that suicide is not the way out. Transition: So know you know if saving a live is in your hand do it right away and before it’s too late. Conclusion: Before I finish remember that Restatement of significance: It’s important that we take any sing in consideration because our loved ones could be thinking of a suicide and we must protect them. Review: I have covered why people commit suicide, the sings and methods and finally how we can help someone that wants to commit suicide, so once again keep these in mind you could save a life. Closing Device: Just remember that suicide is not the way out.References: 1. Robert M.Martin Suicide: The Philosophical Issues New York: 1980 48-54 2. Edwin S. Shneidman Suicidology: Contemporary Developments New York 1976 1-14 3. Methods of suicide http://listverse. com/health/top-10-ways-to-commit-suicide/ 24 June 2008 4. Suicide in general http://kidsheath. org/parent/emotions/behaviors/suicide. html 24 June 2008

Outcome 1 †Understand Why Effective Communication Is...

Unit 051 – Promote communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings Outcome 1 – Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting. 1.1 Identify the different reasons people communicate. There are many reasons why people communicate. We communicate to establish a relationship, we start using eye contact, smiles and general greetings such as ‘hello’. Having good relationships as a practitioner is essential because you are always meeting new parents, colleagues and students. Once established it is important to maintain the relationships. If you fail to maintain relationships it can lead to feelings of insecurity and it’s important not to let this happen in your setting. Another†¦show more content†¦It shows respect to other people and a lack of manners is often interpreted as a lack of respect. Manners will influence on children’s behaviour therefore practitioners will need to be good role models. Outcome 3 – Be able to overcome barriers to communication. 3.1 – Explain how people from different backgrounds may use and/or interpret communication methods in different ways. Everyone is an individual but people from the same or similar backgrounds tend to communicate in the same ways. This is to do with shared culture, different experiences and family backgrounds. Therefore when communicating with people who have a similar background to you, you may assume that they will interpret what you are saying in the way you intended however you should not expect this to happen or use this as a method of course. The experiences of communication children have depend a lot on their home lives as experiences outside of the home environment and family circles at this age will be limited. Home language and culture – Different languages or forms of a language may be spoken at home, as well as accents and pronunciation differentiating between other regions in the same country. People who do not have English as a first language can take pitch and tone in many different ways as for instance they may not use rise and fall in their tone. Body language also needs to be taken into consideration as gesture and eye contact may rarely be used in some cultures. There may also beShow MoreRelatedLevel 2 Certificate For The Children And Young People Questions 11553 Words   |  7 PagesWorkforce UNIT 001 Knowledge Questions Outcome 1 1.1.1 What are the different reasons people communicate and why? People communicate so that you can tell people how you feel and what you need. You communicate to find out information. 1.1.2 Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of your work Communication from my room leader and manager needs to be clear in order for me to undertake the tasks I am asked to do. 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You will also address the principles and practices relating to confidentialityRead MoreLevel 3 Diploma Children and Young Peoples Workforce Unit 0511219 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 051 – Promote Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young Peoples Settings. Outcome 1 - Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting. 1.1. Identify the different reasons why people communicate. The reasons for People communicating are: †¢ to express needs and wishes †¢ to share ideas and information †¢ to reassure †¢ to express feelings and/or concerns †¢ to build relationships and socialise †¢ to ask questions

The Criminal Justice System Needed A Change - 1096 Words

Before taking this class, I knew the criminal justice system needed a change, but I underestimated the change we need to see. I have never heard of the school to prison pipeline before this class, and to be honest I never considered the two to be directly connected. I can recall vividly so many of my friends in middle school being arrested. They spend a couple of months in â€Å"juvie†, and then they come back as if nothing has changed. Unfortunately, their cycle continued all throughout middle school. Today many of them are not in college and some of their cycles continue into adult prisons. My classmates and I assumed they were just going to boot camp like facilities, we never questioned their experiences, we just assumed that since they kept going back it was not as bad as adult jail. I finally realize that we treated them the same way society views them. Society does not look at their upbringing or their home situations. We assumed they liked trouble. I never once thought of the other children in the facilities with my friends, or their experiences. It took me six years to now realize that my friends were not just romanticized by the idea of trouble, they were truly living troubled lives and knew nothing outside of that. The criminal justice system we have in place is inadequate. I believe all prisons and jail systems should be rehabilitative, especially juvenile systems. A child’s brain is still forming during their juvenile years. When they make a mistake, they areShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice Trends Evnaluatio1253 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation 1 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation December 10, 2012 CJA/394 Troy Hokanson Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation 2 Introduction The criminal justice system is very important to American society. 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Chapter two is a bit broader and discusses neighborhood probation offices, the philosophy behind them andRead MoreBeliefs and Values of an Unethical Criminal Justice System1332 Words   |  6 PagesThe criminal justice system is a system of law enforcement that is involved in prosecuting, sentencing, and punishing those who have committed a criminal offence. When every member of society is aware of their individual rights and the laws enforced, the criminal justice system is very effective, but when a contributor to society is mentally insane and commits a criminal offence everything changes. In Frontlineâ €™s A Crime of Insanity, a twenty-six year old psychology student, Ralph Tortoricci, walked

Personal Narrative Cultural Perspective Essay - 1101 Words

Personal Narrative: Cultural Perspective What is culture? Culture is the idea of what is wrong or right, the concept of what is acceptable within our society. Culture serves us as a guide, taking us to the right way and helping us to make sense of things that surrounds us. There are many different cultures around the world. A lot of them are similar in specific ways and others are just completely different, this difference explains why we think that people from different backgrounds are weird. The person that I interviewed is from the United States; he is 20 years old and a student at Tri-State University. John Smith is an African American from East Chicago, IN. John comes from a community where†¦show more content†¦is far more technologically advanced than Brazil. The U.S. has a huge influence in the Brazilian culture. This is due to the fact that economical strings tie us, so we are attached whether we like it or not. 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Thinspiration Discussion Free Essays

Dealing with a first- and experience of an eating disorder, due to a close friend having the illness, can say for a fact that there is nothing glamorous about it and it is certainly nothing that an individual should strive to attain. I’m absolutely sickened by that fact that there are Pro- Anorexia and Pro-Bulimia websites which glorify dangerously thin bodies and post images and tips on how to achieve them. These sites provide false nutritional advice and avoid discussing the negative aspects of being too thin and having abnormal eating habits. We will write a custom essay sample on Thinspiration Discussion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although eating disorders are not a new concept to our society, the deals of administration treat the disorder as if its a lifestyle choice, something acceptable. Think that it would be helpful to discuss on forums with other individuals suffering from the disorder, but only with the intentions of aiding one another in recovering and grieving. But instead, people will post pictures of skinny men or women and use that image as motivation to starve or purge. Feel like oftentimes people don’t know how to approach individuals who are obviously dealing with an eating disorder, so they just let them be and the conditions only worsen. Sometimes cases go unreported because one doesn’t look too skinny, for instance; its a difficult disorder to diagnose. Sis our society would stop being so critical ad realize that individuals with such a serious disorder cannot help themselves on their own; it’s a mental illness typically as the result of another disease that adds extra stress and anxiety into one’s life. One of the examples given in the article was of a girl named Marimbas dealing with anorexia who would log onto Faceable to motivate herself to lose more weight as she scrolled through her News Feed of other arils posting pictures of their tin bodies and discussing how they’ve lost weight or have t o go back to treatment. I had no idea that these individuals suffering with eating disorders saw it all as a competition, who can be the best at being anorexic or bulimic, who can get the sickest, the fastest. Someone with an eating disorder becomes so consumed and obsessed with everything revolving around it that they can’t even function in their everyday life activities. How to cite Thinspiration Discussion, Papers

Emotional Intelligence Strengths Weaknesses-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Emotional Intelligencefor Strengths and Weaknesses. Answer: Strengths and Weaknesses Emotional intelligence is crucial for the employees, as it improves employees competence to deal with conflicts in organizational context. Therefore the initiator has to recognize him so that he can use his own strengths and weaknesses to develop a consort that would be checked for each member of the organization to assess the requirement of alterations to be made (Martin-Raugh et al. 2016). While developing emotional intelligence, I would explore my self-driven independence as strength to deal with a conflict situation. Therefore my emotions remain in control and I can independently carry out my task without disturbing others or seeking for help. I believe strongly in self regulation as control over emotions does not make me too angry or jealous. So, I can avoid impulsive and careless decisions. I have positive outlook in my life which helps me to increase productivity and face challenges. I do not let negativity affect me and believe in turning around even if I fail with positive d reams for future. My weaknesses are my social skills, empathy and open mindedness. Due to lack of social skill and stubborn behavior, I often fail to connect with others and understand others emotions. I am less empathetic and so my ability to identify others needs wants and viewpoints of colleagues surrounding me. Stressor Absence of social skills often creates a stress on my relationship and communication with my teammates. If I develop my social skills, I would be able to manage disputes and will be excellent in communication with my fellow workers. I will be masters at building and maintaining relationship with teammates. They can impose my feeling about emotional intelligence on them so that they can also adopt good communication skills and do not get entangle into any duels with colleagues (Druskat, Mount and Sala 2013). Managing Pressures Proper management of all the important skills of emotional intelligence will help to master oneself for all the pressures which he faces while giving presentation or during public speaking events and others. These skills help us to turn intention into effective actions, in order to make informed decisions about things that we have to achieve, and to connect to others in productive and nurturing ways. Having the skill of correct self management is considered to be a very vital step in managing emotions and also in self control. While giving a presentation or an interview, different emotions of fear, confusion, pressure, tension, self control, easy talking and many others may fill our minds and hence our emotions may not be displayed as we want to. Therefore self management of emotions is very important to make constructive decisions about ones behavior. Getting overstressed often makes us lose ability to act thoughtfully and appropriately as we step out of our comfort zone. With the c apability of maintaining stress and being emotionally present I can learn to receive disturbing pieces of information without allowing them to override our control and thoughts. Proper self management will help to control impulsive feelings and behaviors, manage emotions in healthy ways, take initiative in proper work output, follow through on instructions and adapt to changing circumstances (Ciarrochi and Mayer 2013) Triggers Affecting our Emotional State Closing of the office door after excluding me from the meeting will result in a cloud of different emotions in us which may be harmful for us while taking farther step. It may initiate a trigger of depression in me due to the lack of proper acceptance in the workplace for which my health as well as my family life may get affected. Depression may arise from anger, inability to communicate properly in meeting, inability to express my views in the meeting and others (Elfenbein et al. 2015). Good social skills and proper communication skills would have helped me to handle the meeting and express my feelings. Self regulations and self awareness would help to control my emotions after the closure of the door and not take a drastic step affecting my career. Proper self regulation and self awareness would help me with my intuitions and do not allow my emotions to control me. Rather it would guide me to proper emotional display and help to come out of depression and sadness. Feedback The various strengths and weaknesses that I possess would surely be noted by my colleagues. They spend good amount of time with me in the working environment. Once they make an initiative to inform me about my aspects, I would welcome their feelings and listen to them patiently. Altering my behavior for improving emotional intelligence will help me to flourish in my career and at the same time working environment will also be benefitted with better productivity. Tell tale cues A good tell tale cues that I had recognized from a fellow worker who sits just next to me named Mr. Brown is that he is self motivated. When we were concerned about the bonus that were not provided to us by the organization for the extra hours we provided, he was more interested in his own goals and interests and handles the disappointment and negative outcomes effectively due to his bigger picture long term outlook. Another tale emotional cue that I understood from another fellow colleague named Jennifer is that she is extremely empathetic in her approach that I tremendously lack in my own working grounds. She is able to understand other peoples view easily, able to respond in constructive ways especially in difficult situations and can easily anticipate their teammates and managers needs. As a result she is well liked and I along with other workers have to implement such skills on order to develop the workplace environment. Another tell-tale cue that I can identify with is self awa reness that Mr. Johnson also shows. Both of us are able to understand our own emotions and at the same time can evaluate the emotions undergoing in the teammates and therefore we are not easily blown away it restricted by our emotions. We can control them and thereby undertake decisions effectively. Culture and Diversity A worker with different cultural and social background has different sets of thoughts, opinions, beliefs, norms, customs, values, trends and traditions. They may be of different race, ethnicity, gender, age and disability. Providing significance and value to such requirements of such workers is important as that would help to improve their respective productivities as they feel more accepted in the organization. Good empathetic skills, social skills and open mindedness from all workers of the organization towards them would help them happy and contempt (Njoroge and Yazdanifard 2014). Otherwise, they may get depressed, self-centered, unhappy, careless, selfish, adamant, fearful and others as a result of which entire organization and its environment may get affected (Moran et al. 2014). Their self confidence may get affected and therefore self image may be harmed. As a result they will lose their self esteem and that will have a major impact on their work and companys productivity will be obstructed. Initiatives Intercultural literacy is a key skill that should be possessed by individuals at a work place with colleagues from different cultural background. This skill help to understand the cultural whys behind the behavior displayed, seeing the benefits and limitation of each cultural norms and transcending my own perspective. With the help of this ability and being empathetic towards them, one can easily evaluate the feeling of others, manage relationships and relate to such workers. Developing social skill with proper communication skill would make them easy and they feel more accepted in the workplace (Erez et al. 2013). Reference List Ciarrochi, J. and Mayer, J.D., 2013.Applying emotional intelligence: A practitioner's guide. Psychology Press. Druskat, V.U., Mount, G. and Sala, F., 2013.Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: Current research evidence with individuals and groups. Psychology Press. Elfenbein, H.A., Barsade, S.G. and Eisenkraft, N., 2015. The social perception of emotional abilities: expanding what we know about observer ratings of emotional intelligence.Emotion,15(1), p.17. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R. and Shokef, E., 2013. Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), pp.330-355. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A., 2013.Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Martin-Raugh, M.P., Kell, H.J. and Motowidlo, S.J., 2016. Prosocial knowledge mediates effects of agreeableness and emotional intelligence on prosocial behavior.Personality and Individual Differences,90, pp.41-49. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Njoroge, C.N. and Yazdanifard, R., 2014. The impact of social and emotional intelligence on employee motivation in a multigenerational workplace.International Journal of Information, Business and Management,6(4), p.163.